Project-Generalities

Examining the world natural disasters diagram for the last 20 years indicates that 43% of the incidents were related to the floods, which has affected 56% of the world's people, including 2.3 billion ones.

In the past 20 years, 3500 floods have been occurred in the country. Also, 30% of the country is in serious danger of flash floods. The amount of damage in the past fifteen years (2006-2021) in Sistan and Baluchestan province has been estimated at an average of USD 40 million per year.

On average, every one and a half years, a major flood occurs in the province that in addition to the loss of life, it has also caused a lot of financial damage.

Due to the climate changes in the world as well as increasing water consumption, these vital reserves are drastically decreasing. Water shortage problem in arid and semi-arid regions is caused due to low rainfall and its improper distribution which makes agriculture uneconomic in these areas. Water resources, such as groundwater aquifers, if existed, often indicate considerable decline and are running out and it is necessary to make a solution to solve economic and social consequences arising from it.

According to the scientific studies conducted in the southern part of Sistan and Baluchistan province, especially Makran, significant amount of rainfall resulted from monsoon, which is a natural phenomenon, in this region directly flows into the Oman Sea without proper management. Such that despite of people's strong demand to drinking and agriculture water, it is removed from the consumption cycle. It should be noted that in addition to the water shortage problem resulted from lack of runoff management, it causes severe damages to the urban, rural, agricultural and industrial infrastructure of Makran region.

 

The monsoon current is predominantly formed in the Indian subcontinent due to temperature difference in land and water. When the ocean moisture flows toward land, it generates explosive clouds over land, which forms monsoon. While the monsoon is most commonly formed in India, it also occurs in other regions, including China. However, the most significant monsoon region encompasses the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, and to a lesser extent, southeastern Iran. The monsoon in Iran is considerably weaker than in India. Oceanic currents originating from the eastern coast of Somalia, the southernmost part of the Indian Ocean, and extending to the easternmost parts of the Indian Ocean, play a crucial role in shaping the monsoon phenomenon. These currents transport moisture-laden air towards the Indian subcontinent, leading to the formation of monsoonal rainfall.
 

 

- Studies on recent floods indicate an increase in the frequency, intensity and damage of floods in some parts of the world, including Iran. The main cause of this increase is global warming and climate change. The consequences of this include the frequent occurrence of droughts and increased and changed rainfall patterns in the form of torrential rains at inappropriate times.
- The results of statistics show that in the last few years, the intensity and number of floods as well as the loss of life and money are increasing in the country that indicates the necessity of flood management in order to improve the current situation and reduce the losses and damages caused to the country.
- In addition to the social problems resulted from life losses during flood disasters, a lot of credit should be considered every year for the reconstruction of roads, water supply networks, residential houses and other urban infrastructures. Based on mentioned points, the modification of the flood management structure in the country is the first step to reduce afore-mentioned damages.
- The flood may not be considered as an unexpected event in the country and It seems necessary to reduce the damages caused by floods in the country to a great extent while creating the necessary preparations and formulating ways to prevent and optimally manage floods.
- Necessary attention should be paid to take benefits from the positive aspects of floods, including supplying water resources and feeding groundwater aquifers.

 

Solutions to prevent and reduce flood damages (structural and non-structural measures)

A: Dam constructing and implementing river organizing plans and engineering projects in order to improve and protect the river route, stabilize river bed and control erosion and sedimentation, as well as designing flood control structures such as embankments.

B: Dredging and reopening the river route

C: Improving and increasing the water-passing capacity of river crossing structures as well as protecting the foundations of bridges against water washing

D. Controlling and storing runoffs in natural and artificial pond and holes


Project on combating and storing Makran runoffs making use of natural surficial reservoirs